CONTENTS 
vi 
68 
2.5 Summary 
3 Experiments 
71 
3.1 General Method .... 
72 
* * * * * 
76 
3.2 Hypotheses and Statistical Testing .. 
* * * * * * * * 
3.3 
80 
Experiment 1A: Riskless Choice 
80 
3.3.1 Method 
82 
3.3.2 Results 
Experiment 1B: Riskless Choice 
87 
3.4 
* * * * 
*. . 
3.4.1 Method. 
87 
* * * 
88 
3.4.2 Results 
Discussion 
3.5 
91 
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
3.6 
Experiment 2A: Risky Choice 
93 
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
3.6.1 Method 
93 
* * * * * * * * 
95 
3.6.2 Results 
Experiment 2B: 
Risky Choice 
101 
3.7 
3.7.1 Method 
101 
* * * 
3.7.2 Results 
102 
* * * * 
Discussion.. 
3.8 
107 
. . 
Experiment 3A: 
Discrimination .. 
109 
3.9 
3.9.1 Method 
109 
* * * * * 
. 
* * * * * * * * * * 
3.9.2 Results 
112 
* * * * * * * * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * . 
* * * * * * * * 
. * . 
117 
3.10 
Experiment 3B: Discrimination .... 
117 
3.10.1 Method 
* . 
* . 
118 
3.10.2 Results. 
122 
3.11 Discussion.. 
* * * * * * 
124 
3.12 General Discussion 
4 Conclusions 
127 
127 
4.1 Theoretical and Empirical Implications 
4.2 Individual vs Group Data 
130 
* * * * * 
131 
4.3 Toward a Qualitative Theory of Error 
A 
133 
Mathematical Background 
133 
A.1 Notations and Basics .. 
* * * * 
134 
A.2 Order Theory.. 
136 
A.3 Graph Theory 
137 
A.4 Algebra 
* * * * * 
137 
A.4.1 Matrix Theory... 
* * * 
 
. 
139 
A.4.2 Polynomial Rings 
* * * * * * * 
141 
B Supplements 
141 
B.1 
Experiment 1A and 1B ... 
141 
B.1.1 Instructions ..... 
142 
B.1.2 Stimuli 
* * * * * * 
143 
B.1.3 Results of Experiment 1 
* 
147 
B.1.4 Results of Experiment 1B 
. 
* * * * * 
* * * * * * * 
* 
151 
B.2 Experiment 2A and 2B