B0O K 
marble statues of women in garments, which are called Catyatides, sould be introduced in 
a building, supporting the mutules and cornice, instead of columins; when the reason is 
demanded, it may thus be given. Carya, a city of Peloponnesus, having joined with the 
Persians against the Grecian states, and the Greeks having put an end to the war by a glorious 
victory, with one consent declared war against the Caryatides. They took the city, destroved 
it, ilew the men, and led the matrons into captivity, not permitting them to wear the habits 
and ornaments of their sex: and they were not once only led in triumph, but were loaded 
with scorn, and kept in continual servitude, thus suffering for the crime of their city. The 
architects therefore of those days, introduced their effigies sustaining weights, in the public 
buildings, that the remembrance of the crime of, the Caryatides might be transmitted to 
posterity. The Lacedemonians, likewise, under the command of Pausanias the son of 
Cleombrotus, having, at the battle of Platea, with a small number vanquished a numerois 
army of Persians, to solemnise the triumph, erected, with the spoils and plunder, the Persian 
portico, as a trophy to transmit to posterity the valour and honour of the citizens; 
introducing therein the statues of the captives adorned with habits in the barbarian manner, 
supporting the roof. Thus with merited infamy they punished pride, terrified their enemies 
with the idea of their power, and the citizens beholding this monument of their courage, 
were inspired with a love of glory, and became more animated in the defence of theit 
liberty. Hence it is that many introduce Persian statues sustaining the epistylium and its 
ornaments, and thus make an excellent variety in their works. There are also other similar 
historical facts, with which it behoves an architect to be well acquainted. 
PHILOSOPHT enlarges the mind of an architect, frees him from arrogance, and renders him 
courteous, just, and falthful. Avarice he should particularly avoid, for no work can succeed 
without fidelity and integrity. He fhould never be covetous, or have his mind intent on 
receiving of gifts, but with prudence support his proper dignity and reputation. All this 
philolophy inculcates; it also teaches the nature of things, which the Greeks call pbyfologia. 
and which ought to be well understood, for many and various natural questions are solved, 
thereby; as, for example, by the courses, turnings, and different levels of the water in 
aqueducts, the natural spirits are excited, the ill effects of which, none can prevent, but 
those who by the study of philosophy have learnt the principles and nature of things. Also 
whoever would read the books of Ctesibius, Archimedes, or others who have written on such 
kind of subjects, will not be able to understand them, unless he has been previoussy instructed 
in philosophy. An architect ought to understand music, that he may know the canonical 
and mathematical rules of the proportions, and that he may properly regulate the force of 
the balistas, catapultas, and scorpions; for on either side of their little capitals, are the holes 
of unison, through which, with the capstans or levers, the sinewy cords are strained, and not 
stopped, or fastened, till the engineers perceive all their sounds are alike; for when the 
(2*) Epistylium is a term sometimes used to signify the 
Athens, an example of the order of the Caryatides is still 
whole entablature; as in this place, and at the 11th note of 
subsisting. 
the following chapter; but it more generally signifies the 
(3*) Canonical, alludes to a certain rule or scale, by 
architrave only. Among the other remains of antiquity at 
which the ancients used to regulate the musical intervals.