BO0K IV. 
UEON the columns the compacted beams (e) are laid, being in heighth as much as the 
magnitude of the work may require, and in thickness equal to the hypotrachelium at the 
top of the columns. They are to be joined in such a manner with mortise and tenon, as to 
leave a vacancy of two digits (1 inch and ;) in the joints ; for, if they touch, and admit 
not the air between them, they ferment, and quickly decay. Over the beams, and over the 
walls, the mutules (f) are projected the fourth part of the heighth of the columns, and 
antepagments are fixed in theit fronts. Upon these the tympan of the fastigium is 
huilt, either of masonry or timber; and thereon, the fastigium, columen, canthers, and 
templats, are so disposed, that the gutters of the whole roof may corespond in a triple 
number. 
mention of it in describing the capitai; for these reasons, I 
believe the apophygis here mentioned cannot be that below 
the capital, but that under the echinus within the capital. 
We find thé astragal and fillet, or apöphygis, d, at the 
top of the shaft of columns, generally used in the Roman 
works, though not always in thoseof the Grecks; as, there- 
fore, their use is authoriaed, and Vitruvius has omitted to 
civeusthei poporion, I hal copythem from the Theatre 
of Marcellus, in whichthe proportion of the astragal and ilet 
together is the fifteenth part of the diameter of the colamm. 
(a) Thele valls I concéive to be the lateral and back 
valls of the temple; which, therefore, should be bult up 
te the level of the top of the beans, which lie over the 
columns, in order that the mutules may be upon a level al 
round the temple. Several of the trandlators have under- 
stood them to be walls built upon the beams, by way of 
frise; without any realon for such opinion, more than what 
is here mentioned. But, if that had ben the cale, Ithink 
Viruvius would not have faled to particulariae their situ¬ 
ation and heighth, because they materally afet he alpect 
and proportion of the temple. 
(a) None of the trandatoshave ben able to preval on 
thenselves to believe that the mutules are intended to projet 
so feras is equal to a quarter of the heiglth of the colunns 
Wherefore Galani has supposed it should be read a quarter 
of the thicknes of the colunns, and accordingly has al- 
tered che tent fom alinadinis to lainaäins. But, it they 
had sen our church in Covent Garden, the work of che 
famous loigo Jones, chey would not have ben so dubious 
of the meaning of he tert. In che ordination of this church, 
it ems as if Ingo Jones had imended to put in pracite 
che roles given by Viruvius for the construcion of Tuscan 
temples. 
(4*) What is here meant by the word antepagments is 
uncertain; Galiani thinks it means ornaments in a general 
sense; it may signisy some moulding affixed to the fronts of 
the mutules, like those of the antepagments or architrave 
of doors, as g, Fig. XXVII; or, as I observe, no mention 
is made of any corona, &c. to cover the mutules (which, 
nevertheles, is absolutely necessary and indispensable;) 
it may be some mouldings lying above the mutules, and ap¬ 
pearing like a cornice, as Piranesi, has represented it in his 
Magnificenza di Roma: 
(65) These timbers have been before explained at the 
fecond chapter of this book. 
16) This passage is very obseure and variouly under¬ 
stood ; ut fileéidiumn teci absodlati ep tertiario respondeat. 
The interpretation that ocurs to me is, that the water¬ 
souts, which are to discharge the rain from the rof of the 
temple, are to be thre in either flank answering each other, 
3s i. k. 1. fig. XXXI, and which fall very aptly over the 
columns, ante, and middle, of the cel, at equaldistances, as 
in other temples, they have heen described to be in the lions 
heads over each colunn in the fanks. Galani soposes thele 
wordsimport, hardriping eaves (as our workmen calthem) 
aeto beformed on thrée bdes of the temple the back part 
of the roof being soped ke the fanks; and Percult, and 
ohers, have sopoled the vord teriaro foloving the higni- 
feaion of chat vord as given in Baduss dietionany) to 
men che pedimentor higs of the of, uanlting hepol- 
se o eiscke e e ere i ge i epe. 
dinen and Peral has aded vihon ang authortg kies 
e enebelenae irehisinepetalon hesentieh, 
nesdket the word fililuen ( e che guters or chanes) 
rhlch apens to me to be the pincipal in the entenes; 
eieis ehegaters ehich Viewvins sag hod eorehpond 
interianes avord rehie toche nunber che , he pal- 
e eberehere planih gntestha he gotes aein hane 
manner to corespond in that relation.