239 
the Ephesians had decreed a temple to Diana, to be 
built of marble from Paros, Proconnesus, or Thasos. 
Pixodarus on a certain occasion tending his flock at this 
place, saw two rams fighting. In their attacks, missing 
each other, one fell, and glancing against the rock with 
his horns, broke off a splinter, which appeared to him so 
delicately white, that he left his flock and instantly ran 
with it into Ephesus, where marble was then in much 
demand. The Ephesians forthwith decreed him honours, 
and changed his name to Evangelus. Even to this day 
the chief magistrate of the city proceeds every month to 
the spot, and sacrifices to him ; the omission of which 
ceremony would, on the magistrate’s part, be attended 
with penal consequences to him. 
CHAPTER VIII. 
OF THE PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS. 
IHAVE briefly explained the principles of machines of 
draught, in which, as the powers and nature of the mo- 
tion are different, so they generate two effects, one di- 
rect, which the Greeks call eibéta, the other circular 
which they call kvxAor; but it must be confessed, that 
rectilinear without circular motion, and, on the other 
hand, circular without rectilinear motion can neither 
without the other be of much assistance in raising 
weights. I will proceed to the explanation of this. The 
pulleys revolve on axles which go across the blocks, and 
are acted upon by straight ropes which coil round 
the axle of the windlass when that is put in motion by 
the levers, thus causing the weight to ascend. The 
pivots of the windlass axle are received into, or play in 
the gudgeons of the cheeks, and the levers being inserted