LTEUVIUS 
CHAPTER I 
Of Aarchichune, and of che lafendion of Aichteds, 
ARCIETECTOR oneie n eie nd non int d. 
eten ene e eieh e e e n e ened enite d. 
e en e e ehe eten nen e nan 
enen n de e ind nei ich vot nu e nhand. 
tehe e lil o enete nd e in erele nd eon e poponiandt 
beine ecich ho he padid vihon honhn and vlo hue ben al 
ered in he ne pet hne neben dbe o egiteang eputnion h hei voake, 
eid he e iho hne unted o theog and gekein odi, ane elored ehndon and 
etche sistane bu hole vlo ae pekedly aegpained ih boh ienen onglel, 
are edig and ih epuadion, boce in thet endeavouns; for a in al hung b. 
esil in achiedtue, dher ne tvo pets he egntedand esegniser, he boneris 
tetehichi he popd o betreitd of he katerische denontraion o hepinehpe 
af lhe tienes eplained, and he vho poeftse achietune oghe tobevelereied in 
both parts. Le hould be ingenious, and docie of instucion; for neither ingenuity, 
vithout educition, or dvcaion, vithout ingnity, can render himn a complete atit. He 
oucht to have a knouledge of letse, be erpert in draving, learned in geometrp, not 
jenoeant of optics, instuded in arithmetie, wel ead in historp, to have dilignty atended 
to phlosopby, to have a knouledge of musie, not a stranger to physe, underfanding in the 
lay, and be conversant in astonomy and the alpeds of the heuvens; why thele are necelapy, 
the following are the reasons. 
Ay architect chould have a knowledge of letters, that he may be able to inlure the 
remembrance of his observations. By draviog, he is enabled to form the representation ot 
the work he would execute. Geometry is of great use to architecture, and teaches the uie 
of the ruler and compass (which chiefly facilitates the delineation of the plans of buildings 
and the management of squares, levels, and lines. By optics is ascertained the region of the 
heavens, from whence buildings should receive their light. By arithmetic, the expence of 
the edifice is calculated, the measures adjusted, and the difficult questions of the lymmetry 
solved. Architects should be well acquainted with history, for they often introduce many 
ornaments in their works, whose original they should be able to recite; as, for example, il 
(1*) The words of the text are Fabrica & Ratiocinatione, 
which most of the translators have agreed in rendering 
practice and theory: but the definitions of Vitruvius, give 
us to understand, that by practice, he does not mean the 
actual labour of the workmanship, but the knowledge 
hereof only, so as to be able to direct the workmen, and 
to know when the work is well performed, and the matc- 
rials good ; as by theory he means the knowledge of the 
proportions, forms, distributions, &c. of the several part¬ 
of buildings, and their effects, so as to be able to deligi 
or compose with judgment.